A short sweet list.

Acutely, Hand-Foot-Mouth (Coxsackie, or another enterovirus) is the most common. Measles can affect your palms/soles but would be everywhere…

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome typically affects hands.

Kawasaki and Toxic shock prior to desquamation.

Chronically, Scabies, pompholyx (type of eczema), Pustular psoriasis, Secondary syphilis, Janeway lesions (endocarditis).